Ph.D. (2010/3~2016/5)

Tunnel and Underground Engineering; Tongji University; supervisor: Prof. Zixin Zhang

Master candidate (2008/9~2010/3)

Tunnel and Underground Engineering, Tongji University; supervisor: Prof. Zixin Zhang

Bachelor Degree (2004/9~2008/6)

Civil Engineering, Central South University; supervisor: Prof. Xiaobing Liu

Associate Professor (2021/1~)

School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, Guangzhou University

Lecturer (2017/6~2020/12)

School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University

Postdoctoral researcher (2016/11~2017/5)

Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong

Research Assistant in Dr. C.Y. Kwok's group, on coulped CFD-DEM modeling on drbris flow, and Grain Based Model in DEM simulation on rock.

CSC Visiting Ph.D. student (2012/09~2013/09)

CEAE, University of Colorado, Boulder

Visiting student scholar in Prof. Richard Regueiro's group, on coulped DE-FE modeling on granular materials and tunneling process in soils.

●   Computational approaches in geomechanics and tunneling (e.g. FEM, DEM and CFD).

●   Failure mechanisms of tunnel under earthquake and explosion.

●   Geotechnical model test and experiment.

●   Intelligent construction of tunnels.

1. Liu, C., Zhao, G., He, J., Hai, L., Cui, J.* (2025). "Damage Pattern and Failure Mechanism of Shield Tunnel Lining under Internal Explosion." Thin-Walled Structures (current status:published)
2. Liu, C., Deng, H., Liu, H., Cui, J.*, Huang, X., Liu, Z., Chen, W.* (2025). "Seismic response of a subsea shield tunnel considering water-stratum-structure interaction." Ocean Engineering (current status:published)
3. He, J., Liao, S.*, Liu, C.*, Liu, H., Cui, J., Liu, Y. (2025). "Tunnel face ground loss under cutterhead vibration in sandy ground with different saturations: Insights from DEM simulations." Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (current status:accepted)
4. He, J., Liao, S.*, Liu, C.*, Liu, H., Cui, J., Liu, Y. (2025). "Investigation on tunnel face failure under varying seepage conditions in saturated sand using coupled CFD-DEM and analytical modelling." Computers and Geotechincs (current status:published)
5. Liu, F., Chen, W., Liu, C.*, Yang, Y., Wang, J.*, Liu, Y. (2025). "The evolution of grouting pressure and ground deformation induced by synchronous grouting during shield tunneling in soft soil: An investigation based on scaled model test and CEL simulation." Canadian Geotechnical Journal (current status:accepted)
6. Liu, C.*, Zhao, G., Liu, Y., Cui, J., Liu, H., Zhu, S. (2024). "Experimental Investigation on Damage Development and Failure Mechanism of Shield Tunnel Lining under Internal Blast Considering Stratum-Structure Interaction." Underground Space (current status:published)
7. Liu, C.*, Zhu, D., Cui, J., Jing, L.*, and Huang, X. (2024). "Investigation on synchronous grouting process during shield tunneling in coarse grained ground using CFD-DEM." Computers and Geotechnics (current status:published)
8. Liu, C., Li, Z., Zhan, Y.,Zhang, X., Meng, X., and Liu, C.* (2024). "The role of karst distribution on the deformation characteristics of an excavation in sandy soils with support-reinforcement." Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment (current status:published)
9. Liu, C.*, Zhu, D.*, Liu, H.,Cui, J., Zhang, X. Rehman M., and Huang, X. (2024). "Influence of synchronous grouting on surrounding sandy cobbles during shield tunnelling process: Insights from a scaled model test." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology (current status:published)
10. Liu, C., Wang, Z., Liu, H.*,Cui, J.*, Huang, X. Ma, L., and Zheng, S. (2023). "Prediction of Surface Settlement Caused by Synchronous Grouting during Shield Tunneling in Coarse-grained Soils: A Combined FEM and Machine Learning Approach." Underground Space (current status:accepted)
11. Liu, H., Liao, J., Chen, Z., Liu, Y., Liu, C.*, Cui, J.*, Spencer, B.F. (2023). "Impact acoustic inspection of interfacial debonding defects in concrete-filled steel tubes." Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing (current status:published)
12. Zhao, Z., Cui, J., Liu, C.*, Liu, H., Rehman, M., Chen, W., Peng, Z. (2023). "Seismic damage characteristics of large-diameter shield tunnel lining under extreme-intensity earthquake." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering (current status:published)
13. Liu, H., Ding, F., Li, J., Meng, X., Liu, C.*, & Fang, H. (2023). "Improved Detection of Buried Elongated Targets by Dual-Polarization GPR." IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters (current status:published)
14. Liu, H., Yue, Y.*, Liu, C.*, Spencer, B.F., Cui, J. (2023). "Automatic recognition and localization of underground pipelines in GPR B-scans using a deep learning model." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology (current status:published)
15. Liu, C., Peng, Z., Cui, J., Huang, X., Li, Y., & Chen, W. (2023). "Development of crack and damage in shield tunnel lining under seismic loading: refined 3D finite element modeling and analyses." Thin-walled Structures (current status:published, ESI hot paper)
16. Liu, H., Yang, Z., Yue, Y., Meng, X., Liu, C.*, & Cui, J. (2023). "Asphalt pavement characterization by GPR using an air-coupled antenna array." NDT & E International (current status:published)
17. Yang, Y., Chen, C., Liu, C.*, Huang, L., Chen, W., Lin, N., Cui, J., Xie, W. (2022). "Performance of a deep excavation and the influence on adjacent piles: A case history in karst region covered by clay and sand." Underground Space. (current status:published)
18. Liu, H., Chen, Z. J., Lu, H. T., Han, F., Liu, C.*, Li, J., & Cui, J. (2022). "Migration of Ground Penetrating Radar With Antenna Radiation Pattern Correction". IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters (current status:published)
19. Yang, Y., Li, J., Liu, C.*, Ma, J., Zheng, S., Chen, W.* (2022). "Influence of deep excavation on adjacent bridge piles considering underlying karst cavern: a case history and numerical investigation." Acta Geotechnica. (current status:published)
20. Liu, H., Qi, Y., Chen, Z. J., Tong, H. W., Liu, C.*, & Zhuang, M. W.* (2021). "Ultrasonic inspection of grouted splice sleeves in precast concrete structures using elastic reverse time migration method." Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing. (current status:published)
21. Liu, C., Cui, J., Zhang, Z.X.*, Liu, H., Huang, X., and Zhang, C.Q. (2021). "The role of TBM asymmetric tail-grouting on surface settlement in coarse-grained soils of urban area: field tests and FEA modelling." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology. (current status:published)
22. Liu, C., Pan, L., Liu, H.*, Tong, H.*, Yang, Y., Chen, W. (2020). "Experimental and numerical investigation on mechanical properties of grouted-sleeve splices." Construction and Building Materials. (current status:published)
23. Liu, C., Li, J., Zhang, Z., Li, P., Cui, J., Liu, H.*, Yang, Y. (2020). "Model tests on tail-grouting process during URUP shield tunneling in soft soil." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology. (current status:published)
24. Liu, C., Peng, Z., Pan, L., Liu, H., Yang, Y.*, Chen, W., Jiang, H. (2020). "Influence of Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) Advance on Adjacent Tunnel during Ultra-Rapid Underground Pass (URUP) Tunneling: A Case Study and Numerical Investigation." Applied Sciences. (current status:published)
25. Liu, H., Lu, H., Lin, J., Han, F., Liu, C.*, Cui, J., Spencer, B.F.(2020). "Penetration Properties of Ground Penetrating Radar Waves Through Rebar Grids." IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters. (current status:published)
26. Liu, C., Pan, L.F., Wang, F.*, Zhang, Z.X., Cui, J., Liu, H., Duan, Z., and Ji, X.Y. (2019). "Three-Dimensional Discrete Element Analysis on Tunnel Face Instability in Cobbles Using Ellipsoidal Particles." Materials. (current status:published)
27. Chen, W., Konietzky, H., Liu, C.*, Fu, H., Zhang, J. (2018). "Prediction of Brickwork Failure Using Discrete-Element Method." ASCE Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering. (current status: published)
28. Liu, C.,, Zhang, Z.X., Kwok, C.Y. (2017)."Ground Responses to Tunneling in Soft Soil Using the URUP Method." ASCE Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. (current status: published)
29. Liu, C., Zhang, Z.X., Regueiro, R.A. (2014). "Pile and pile group response to tunneling using a large diameter slurry shield – Case study in Shanghai." Computers and Geotechnics 59: 21-43. ( current status: published)

1. Zhang, X., Pan, Y., Zhu, Su, L., Ou, E., Liu, H., Liu, C., Cui, J. (2024). "Seismic fragility assessment of shield tunnels in liquefiable soil-rock strata using fuzzy method for IM optimization." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology. (current status:published)
2. Yue, Y., Zhang, S., Zhu, Liu, H., Hong, F., Liu, C., Cui, J. (2024). "Damage mechanism of a shield tunnel with cavities behind the concrete lining: An insight from a scaled model test." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology. (current status:published)
3. Zheng, S., Liu, C.*, Zhu, D.L., Liu, H., Jia, X.J. (2023). "A Study on Disturbance Pattern of Asymmetric Synchronous Grouting on Ground during Large Diameter Shield Tunnelling." Modern Tunnelling Technology (in Chinese). (current status:published)
4. Chen, W., Huang, L., Wang, D., Liu, C., Xu, L., Ding, Z. (2022). "Effects of siltation and desiltation on the wave-induced stability of foundation trench of immersed tunnel." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. (current status:published)
5. Yang, Y.B., Lu, M.J., Liu, C.* (2021). "The study on concrete crack monitoring and recognition in a joint experiment of a prefabricated metro station." Journal of Railway Science and Engineering (in Chinese, EI Compendex). (current status:published)
6. Chen, W., Zhang, T., Chen, W., Wu, Z., Li, X., Liu, C. (2022). "Frost heave force analysis of pre-embedded dowel in the high-speed railway ballastless track." Construction and Building Materials. (current status:published)
7. Liu, H., Zhong, J., Ding, F., Meng, X., Liu, C., Cui, J. (2022). "Detection of early-stage rebar corrosion using a polarimetric ground penetrating radar system." Construction and Building Materials. (current status:published)
8. Chen, W., Wang, C., Fang, L., Liu, C., Zeng, Z., Lou, P., Zhang, T. (2022). "Line Shape Analysis and Dynamic Response of Ballastless Track during Jacking Rectification Fixing." Materials. (current status:published)
9. Ma, J., Chen, J., Chen, W., Liu, C., Chen, W. (2022). "A bounding surface plasticity model for expanded polystyrene-sand mixture." Transportation Geotechnics. (current status:published)
10. Chen, W., Konietzky, H., Liu, C., and Tan, X. (2018). "Hydraulic fracturing simulation for heterogeneous granite by discrete element method." Computers and Geotechnics. (current status: published)
11. Zhang, Z.X., Liu, C., and Huang, X. (2017). "Numerical analysis of volume loss caused by tunnel face instability in soft soil." Environmental Earth Sciences. (current status: published online)
12. Yang, Y.B., Zhou, B., Xie, X.Y., and Liu, C. (2017). "Characteristics and causes of cracking and damage of shield tunnel segmented lining in construction stage – a case study in Shanghai soft soil." European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering. (current status: published online)
13. Zhang, Z.X., Liu, C., Huang, X., and Teng, L. (2016) "Three-dimensional finite-element analysis on ground responses during twin-tunnel construction using the URUP method." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology. (current status: published)
14. Zhang, Z.X., Hu, W., and Liu, C. (2013). "Investigation of ground pass shield tunneling method based on large-scale model test and its engineering application." Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering 32(11): 2161-2169. (in Chinese, EI Compendex) (current status: published)
15. Liu, C. and Zhang, Z.X. (2011). "Three dimensional simulation of super-large double-line slurry shield tunneling." China Civil Engineering Journal 44(SUPPL. 2): 118-122. (in Chinese, EI Compendex) ( current status: published)

1. Zheng, S., Tang, L.M., He, J., Wu, Z.T., Liu, C.*, Fang, L.H., Li, Z.Z. (2023). "Research on Layout of Wireless Sensor Networks in Shield Tunnel." ISTTCA 2023. Suzhou, China. (current status: accepted)
2. Liu, W.J., Zhan, Y.Q., Zheng, S., Li, J.C., Qiu, Y.J., Dong, W., Liu, C.* (2023). "Deformation Characteristics and Control Methods of Deep Foundation Pit Excavation in Watery Sandy Soil Area." ICCASE 2023. Guangzhou, China.(current status: published)
3. Liu, C. and Zhang, Z.X. (2014). "Vertical Movement of Pile Groups Caused by Adjacent Large Diameter Shield-Driven Tunneling in Shanghai Soft Clay." Geo-Shanghai 2014. Shanghai, China. (current status: published)
4. Liu, C. and Zhang, Z.X. (2012). "Disturbing Effects on Piles Caused by Large Slurry Shield Tunneling: A Case Study in Shanghai, China." International Symposium on Geotechnical Engineering for High-speed Transportation Infrastructure. Hangzhou, China.

1. Liu, C., Wang, Y., Liu, H., Cui, J., Meng, X. (2024). The method of UAV inspection in shield tunnels based on computer vision and SLAM. Patent Number: ZL202310558889.4, State Intellectual Property Office of the P.R. China.
2. Liu, C., Zhu, D., Liu, H., Cui, J., Meng, X. (2024). The Simulation Method of Synchronous Grouting in Shield Tail Based on CFD-DEM for Shield Tunneling Construction. Patent Number: ZL202310558863X, State Intellectual Property Office of the P.R. China.
3. Liu, C., Zhong, J., Gui, S., Fang, L., Liu, Y., Liu, H., He, Y. (2022). A method for monitoring convergence of shield tunnel lining rings. Patent Number: ZL202210444288.6, State Intellectual Property Office of the P.R. China.
4. Liu, C., Xing, H., Liu, H., Zheng, S., Wang, Z., Ma, L. (2022). A Shield Tunneling Surface Settlement Prediction Method Based on Machine Learning and Finite Element Analysis. Patent Number: ZL202210818588.6, State Intellectual Property Office of the P.R. China.
5. Zhang, Z.X. and Liu, C. (2011). A construction technology for crossing pile groups by large slurry shield. Patent Number: ZL201110155188.3, State Intellectual Property Office of the P.R. China.
6. Liu, C., Wang, Z.(2024). Auxiliary System for Predicting Maximum Surface Settlement and Optimizing Operation Parameters in Shield Tunneling Construction. Registration Number: 2024SR0919449, China Copyright Protection Center.

1. 2013-2014:    Excellent Doctor Scholarship of Tongji University
2. 2012-2013:    CSC Scholarship for Ph.D. Student (Chinese Government Graduate Student Overseas Study Program)

1. Apr 21-24, 2023: CTUC 2022, Changsha, China. Talk on the theme: "Research on Synchronous Grouting Disturbance in Shield Tunneling Driven by Integration of Machine Learning and Finite Element Method."
2. Nov 19-22, 2018: China Rock 2018, Beijing, China. Talk on the theme: "Influence of large-shield tunneling on surrounding sandy-cobble stratum."
3. Oct 13-15, 2017: The 14th Chinese Young Scholar Symposium on Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, Shenyang, China. Talk on the theme: "Influence of URUP tunneling on surrounding environment."
4. May 25, 2013: International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences (ICCES’13), Seattle, USA. Talk on the theme: "Application of DEM on tunnel face stability analysis."

1. 01/2022~12/2025: Multi-scale coupling mechanism and intelligent early warning of undersea shield tunnel construction disasters under complex geological conditions. Work with: Dr. Y.B. Yang (SCAU) and Dr. Q. Wang (Tongji Univ.) Role: PI. Funded by: NSFC, No. 52178385.
2. 01/2019~12/2021: The macro-micro mechanism of solid-fluid coupling effect during synchronized grouting of shield tunneling in sandy-cobble strata. Work with: Dr. W.L. Luo. (GZHU) Role: PI. Funded by: NSFC, No. 51808150.
3. 05/2018~04/2021: Multiscale modeling for the soil responses during the failure process in tunneling.Work with: Dr. H. Liu and Dr. W.L. Luo. Role: PI. Funded by: Guangdong-NSF, No. 2018A030313132.
4. 11/2016~5/2017: Coupled CFD-DEM modeling on debris flow. Work with: Dr. C.Y. Kowk, and Mr. Lu Jing. Role: Develop a drag force accounting for the yield stress in non-Newtonian fluid.
5. 12/2011~12/2013: Design and construction of the GPST shield tunneling method. Funded by: The project was funded by the Shanghai Urban Construction Group. Role: Developed multiple FEM models for predicting the soil responses due to the GPST tunneling process. Simulated tail grouting process during the GPST tunneling process using CFD (via Fluent).
6. 12/2011~12/2012: Face stability analysis for tunneling in the strata composed of cobble and sand. Funded by: Beijing MTR Construction Administration Corporation. Role: Conducted the numerical simulation framework for the face stability analysis. Carried out the DEM analysis for the triaxial compression test of cobbles and the tunneling process, using the DEM code Ellip3d and paraEllip3d.
7. 06/2010~01/2014: Research and development of the key technology for tunnel face stability and risk control of tunneling under Qiantang River. Funded by: The Ministry of Transport of P.R. China. Role: acted as the chief participant using DEM and FEM to study the failure modes of tunnel face in sandy soil, with the consideration of pore pressure caused by tidal bores in Qiantang River.
   
8. 04/2010~05/2010: Feasibility study of the construction of large shield tunnel across the Qiongzhou Strait. Funded by: The Ministry of Railways of P.R. China. Role: acted as the chief researcher in charge of the numerical analysis of tunnel face stability.
   
9. 02/2010~05/2013: Research of multiple disturbing effects on pile groups caused by the multi-crossing tunneling of a super-diameter slurry shield (15.43m). Funded by: Shanghai Tunnel Engineering Co., Ltd.. Role: acted as the independent numerical and theoretical analyst.
   
10. 11/2009~01/2010: Feasibility study of constructing the framework of Huashan Road Subway Station using a novel curved pipe jacking technology. Funded by: Shanghai Urban Construction Group. Role: acted as the independent numerical and theoretical analyst (via FEM on ABAQUS platform).
    
11. 05/2009~10/2009: Research and development of key technology for constructing the grade separation system “East-West Transportation System of Shanghai”. Funded by: Shanghai Foundation Engineering Co., Ltd.. Role: acted as the project director and independent numerical analyst (via FEM on ABAQUS platform).
12. 12/2008~04/2009: Experimental research of reinforced soil surrounding shield departure and reception shafts using a true triaxial test system. Funded by: Shanghai Tunnel Engineering Co., Ltd.. Role: acted as the project director and chief laboratory assistant studying the mechanical properties of cemented soil and deciphering failure modes in the model test.